Consoles
A
console is an interface that provides I/O to character-mode applications. This
processor-independent mechanism makes it easy to port existing character-mode
applications or to create new character-mode tools and applications.
A console consists of an input buffer and one or more screen buffers. The
input buffer contains a queue of input records, each of which contains information about
an input event. The input queue always includes key-press and key-release
events. It can also include mouse events (pointer movements and button presses and
releases) and events during which user actions affect the size of the active
screen buffer. A
screen buffer is a two-dimensional array of character and color data for output in a
console window.
The Win32 API functions enable different levels of access to a console. The
high-level console I/O functions enable an application to read from standard
input to retrieve keyboard input stored in a console's input buffer. The functions
also enable an application to write to standard output or standard error to
display text in the console's screen buffer. The high-level functions also support
redirection of standard handles and control of console modes for different I/O
functionality. The low-level console I/O functions enable applications to
receive detailed input about keyboard and mouse events, as well as events involving
user interactions with the console window. The low-level functions also enable
greater control of output to the screen.
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