Single-byte Character Sets
A single-byte character set is a mapping of 256 individual characters to their
identifying numeric values. The character codes 0x20 through 0x7E represent
standardized displayable characters, but the characters represented by the
remaining codes vary among character sets. The ASCII character set covers the range
0x00 through 0x7F.
In Windows, the ANSI character set is used in window manager and graphics
device interface (GDI), but the MS-DOS file allocation table (FAT) file system uses
a character set called the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) character
set. Variations on the character sets, called
code pages, include different special characters, typically customized for a language or
group of languages. The OEM code page generally used in the United States is
code page 437.
Applications that use the Microsoft® Win32® application programming interface (API) can use
Unicode to avoid the inconsistencies of varied code pages and as an aid in developing
easily localized applications.
An application can use the
GetACP function to retrieve the ANSI code-page identifier for the system or use the
GetOEMCP function to retrieve the OEM code-page identifier.
The
OemToChar and
OemToCharBuff functions allow an application to convert a character or string from the OEM
code page to either the ANSI code page or Unicode. To convert in the other
direction, you can use either the
CharToOem or
CharToOemBuff function. In addition, an application can use the
MultiByteToWideChar and
WideCharToMultiByte functions to map single-byte character set (SBCS) strings to Unicode and
Unicode strings to SBCS strings.
The
GetCPInfo function fills a
CPINFO structure with information that includes the size, in bytes, of the largest
character in the code page and the default character used when a character code
is entered that has no corresponding entry in the code page.
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