socket
The Windows Sockets
socket function creates a socket which is bound to a specific service provider.
SOCKET socket (
int af,
|
|
int type,
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int protocol
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);
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|
Parameters
af
[in] An address family specification.
type
[in] A type specification for the new socket.
protocol
[in] A particular protocol to be used with the socket which is specific to the
indicated address family.
Remarks
The
socket function causes a socket descriptor and any related resources to be allocated
and bound to a specific transport service provider. Windows Sockets will
utilize the first available service provider that supports the requested combination
of address family, socket type and protocol parameters. Note that the socket
created will have the overlapped attribute. Sockets without the overlapped
attribute can only be created by using WSASocket.
Note The manifest constant AF_UNSPEC continues to be defined in the header file
but its use is
strongly discouraged, as this can cause ambiguity in interpreting the value of the
protocol parameter.
The following are the only two
type specifications supported for Windows Sockets 1.1:
Type
| Explanation
|
SOCK_STREAM
| Provides sequenced, reliable, two-way, connection-based byte streams with an
out-of-band data transmission mechanism. Uses TCP for the Internet address
family.
|
SOCK_DGRAM
| Supports datagrams, which are connectionless, unreliable buffers of a fixed
(typically small) maximum length. Uses UDP for the Internet address family.
|
In Windows Sockets 2, many new socket types will be introduced. However, since
an application can dynamically discover the attributes of each available
transport protocol through the
WSAEnumProtocols function, the various socket types need not be called out in the API
specification. Socket type definitions will appear in WINSOCK2.H which will be
periodically updated as new socket types, address families and protocols are defined.
Connection-oriented sockets such as SOCK_STREAM provide full-duplex
connections, and must be in a connected state before any data can be sent or received on
it. A connection to another socket is created with a
connect call. Once connected, data can be transferred using
send and
recv calls. When a session has been completed, a
closesocket must be performed.
The communications protocols used to implement a reliable, connection-oriented
socket ensure that data is not lost or duplicated. If data for which the peer
protocol has buffer space cannot be successfully transmitted within a
reasonable length of time, the connection is considered broken and subsequent calls will
fail with the error code set to WSAETIMEDOUT.
Connectionless, message-oriented sockets allow sending and receiving of
datagrams to and from arbitrary peers using
sendto and
recvfrom. If such a socket is
connected to a specific peer, datagrams can be sent to that peer using
send and can be received only from this peer using
recv.
Support for sockets with type RAW is not required, but service providers are
encourage to support raw sockets whenever it makes sense to do so.
Return Values
If no error occurs,
socket returns a descriptor referencing the new socket. Otherwise, a value of
INVALID_SOCKET is returned, and a specific error code can be retrieved by calling
WSAGetLastError.
Error Codes
WSANOTINITIALISED
| A successful WSAStartup must occur before using this function.
|
WSAENETDOWN
| The network subsystem or the associated service provider has failed.
|
WSAEAFNOSUPPORT
| The specified address family is not supported.
|
WSAEINPROGRESS
| A blocking Windows Sockets 1.1 call is in progress, or the service provider is
still processing a callback function.
|
WSAEMFILE
| No more socket descriptors are available.
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WSAENOBUFS
| No buffer space is available. The socket cannot be created.
|
WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT
| The specified protocol is not supported.
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WSAEPROTOTYPE
| The specified protocol is the wrong type for this socket.
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WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT
| The specified socket type is not supported in this address family.
|
See Also
accept,
bind,
connect,
getsockname,
getsockopt,
ioctlsocket,
listen,
recv,
recvfrom,
select,
send,
sendto,
setsockopt,
shutdown,
WSASocket
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