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Overview |
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Group |
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Quick Info
Windows NT
| Yes
| Win95
| Yes
| Win32s
| No
| Import Library
| kernel32.lib
| Header File
| winbase.h
| Unicode
| No
| Platform Notes
| None
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CreateThread
The CreateThread function creates a thread to execute within the address space of the calling
process.
HANDLE CreateThread(
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
| // pointer to thread security attributes
| DWORD dwStackSize,
| // initial thread stack size, in bytes
| LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress,
| // pointer to thread function
| LPVOID lpParameter,
| // argument for new thread
| DWORD dwCreationFlags,
| // creation flags
| LPDWORD lpThreadId
| // pointer to returned thread identifier
| );
|
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Parameters
lpThreadAttributes
Pointer to a SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES structure that determines whether the returned handle can be inherited by
child processes. If lpThreadAttributes is NULL, the handle cannot be inherited.
Windows NT: The lpSecurityDescriptor member of the structure specifies a security descriptor for the new thread.
If lpThreadAttributes is NULL, the thread gets a default security descriptor.
Windows 95: The lpSecurityDescriptor member of the structure is ignored.
dwStackSize
Specifies the size, in bytes, of the stack for the new thread. If 0 is
specified, the stack size defaults to the same size as that of the primary thread of
the process. The stack is allocated automatically in the memory space of the
process and it is freed when the thread terminates. Note that the stack size
grows, if necessary.
CreateThread tries to commit the number of bytes specified by dwStackSize, and fails if the size exceeds available memory.
lpStartAddress
The starting address of the new thread. This is typically the address of a
function declared with the WINAPI calling convention that accepts a single 32-bit
pointer as an argument and returns a 32-bit exit code. Its prototype is:
DWORD WINAPI ThreadFunc( LPVOID );
lpParameter
Specifies a single 32-bit parameter value passed to the thread.
dwCreationFlags
Specifies additional flags that control the creation of the thread. If the
CREATE_SUSPENDED flag is specified, the thread is created in a suspended state,
and will not run until the ResumeThread function is called. If this value is zero, the thread runs immediately after
creation. At this time, no other values are supported.
lpThreadId
Points to a 32-bit variable that receives the thread identifier.
Return Values
If the function succeeds, the return value is a handle to the new thread.
If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error
information, call GetLastError.
Windows 95: CreateThread succeeds only when it is called in the context of a 32-bit program. A 32-bit
DLL cannot create an additional thread when that DLL is being called by a
16-bit program.
Remarks
The new thread handle is created with full access to the new thread. If a
security descriptor is not provided, the handle can be used in any function that
requires a thread object handle. When a security descriptor is provided, an
access check is performed on all subsequent uses of the handle before access is
granted. If the access check denies access, the requesting process cannot use the
handle to gain access to the thread.
The thread execution begins at the function specified by the lpStartAddress parameter. If this function returns, the DWORD return value is used to terminate the thread in an implicit call to the ExitThread function. Use the GetExitCodeThread function to get the thread's return value.
The CreateThread function may succeed even if lpStartAddress points to data, code, or is not accessible. If the start address is invalid
when the thread runs, an exception occurs, and the thread terminates. Thread
termination due to a invalid start address is handled as an error exit for the
thread's process. This behavior is similar to the asynchronous nature of CreateProcess, where the process is created even if it refers to invalid or missing
dynamic-link libraries (DLLs).
The thread is created with a thread priority of THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL. Use
the GetThreadPriority and SetThreadPriority functions to get and set the priority value of a thread.
When a thread terminates, the thread object attains a signaled state,
satisfying any threads that were waiting on the object.
The thread object remains in the system until the thread has terminated and
all handles to it have been closed through a call to CloseHandle.
The ExitProcess, ExitThread, CreateThread, CreateRemoteThread functions, and a process that is starting (as the result of a call by CreateProcess) are serialized between each other within a process. Only one of these events
can happen in an address space at a time. This means that the following
restrictions hold:
- During process startup and DLL initialization routines, new threads can be
created, but they do not begin execution until DLL initialization is done for the
process.
- Only one thread in a process can be in a DLL initialization or detach routine
at a time.
- ExitProcess does not return until no threads are in their DLL initialization or detach
routines.
A thread that uses functions from the C run-time libraries should use the beginthread and endthread C run-time functions for thread management rather than CreateThread and ExitThread. Failure to do so results in small memory leaks when ExitThread is called.
See Also
CloseHandle, CreateProcess, CreateRemoteThread, ExitProcess, ExitThread, GetExitCodeThread, GetThreadPriority, ResumeThread, SetThreadPriority, SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
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